Centrifugal Pump API 610 12th vs 11th section 6.4.2 Casing Nozzle Connection

This short article written in basis of deviation proposal from pump manufacturer to challenge API 610 or Project Spec or Company Spec, this sample is easy-kind of deviation, the technical is clear and honest.

By the way, if as engineer that you are in-charge for technical review of equipment that you found out that the supplier said; "NO DEVIATION to ALL project spec, company spec, international code & standard". You should start to worry, they did not care at all to read your specification that you devoted to developed, then in any later stage all the finding will pop-up, all the mistake will appear to the surface or if your company bad enough nobody will highlight this (they found it but does not care to follow up). There should be something that cannot be fulfilled, in example the intend of specification wrote sometimes it is dedicated to cold climate environment, or it is dedicated to hot environment.

Back to the subject, refer to API 610 12th and 11th edition, section casing nozzle connection, it is written as:

API 610 12th edition: 6.4.2.1 All casing connection nozzles shall be flanged, except for the seal gland connection, or those on pumps with forged casings, which shall be flanged or machined and studded. One- and two-stage pumps shall have suction and discharge flanges of equal rating. If the pump is supplied with machined and studded connections, the pump vendor shall provide drawings showing the dimensions of break-out spool pieces to allow the pump to be conveniently removed from the piping. Spool pieces shall be provided by the purchaser. NOTE Break-out spool pieces eliminate the requirement to remove large sections of piping in order to take the pump casing out during major overhauls.

API 610 11th edition: 6.4.2.1 Suction and discharge nozzles shall be flanged, except those on pumps with forged casings, which shall be flanged or machined and studded. One- and two-stage pumps shall have suction and discharge flanges of equal rating. If the pump is supplied with machined and studded connections, the pump vendor shall provide drawings showing the dimensions of break-out spool pieces to allow the pump to be conveniently removed from the piping.

There are updates from limited to suction and discharge into all connection shall be flanged.

Why flange preferred? Because normally in residential or even common industrial there are other type of connection, such as thread (ulir) or quick connection or compression fitting connection or flexible like a hose connection. It is very convenient to connect and disconnect a thread, just twist it and done, not like a flange connection that have at least 4 bolts, up to 16, 18, 20 bolts. Moreover, there are bad news if talk about flange, such as; bolt management, bolt torque sequence, bolt torque limit etc.

Why go to this painful way? is because flange give a higher integrity and secureness, in oil and gas, all things design to avoid any petty problem that can put production in risk, let say the just an auxiliary system "fuel gas condition system return pipe", if there is a leak just because we use thread connection, it may (or may not) impact the production, if the system have a redundancy or backup, just easy, switch to other train(system), but sending someone to fix this leak let say in offshore platform, it is costly, even your internal maintenance team. So better do it right since the beginning, for oil and gas, just go with flange connection that give more sealing capability, uniform sealing force around the face, have a gasket in between to increase the sealing capability etc.

Again, back to subject (pardon me for mumbling on other things), machined stud bolt is a bolt that embedded to the casing of pump or surface, it always there, you will not lose it, the thread is machined on the casing, then stud bolt is installed. It seems good in term of newly installed machine, easy to center the counter flange, no need to hold the bolt head during tightening, all good. However, wait until this stud bolt thread broken or the bolt just fracture, now you will re-think about your life choice, whyyyyyyy.....

No other way you need to change the stud bolt, but how to extract? worry no, there many special tools that can do extraction from, screw extractor, stud bolt extractor, counter drill head, to melt it down as long as it is accepted by all party having jurisdiction.

So, you will love and hate this stud bolt in the end, if you like to do work on your car engine or motorcycle engine, you will notice on the exhaust pipe mounting, this stud bolt standing there, avoid to broke it, otherwise you will feel all the pain (haha).

In addition to that, API 610 12th edition talk about allow to use non flange connection for seal gland connection, yes, because normally seal system using thread connection, physically impossible to have flange connection on seal gland system, it is too tiny.

API 610 12th edition also give highlight that if stud bolt use in pump, spool piece shall be provided, yes, imagine if you have horizontal pump, but you do not have spool on the suction line, it is nightmare when try to maintain the pump, you need to remove long pipe on the suction line. However, it is a well-known general rules that in every pump suction line a good piping layout engineer always provide with suction spool, So no need to worry if you have a good team in the projects.

Specific condition applies for vertical pump, the spool case will not be applicable, since normally vertical pump suction is open, so stud bolt design, may be suitable, Due to no counter flange in front of the suction needed. See below example. The suction area is free.

Lastly, to highlight statement in API 610 11th about cast iron shall be flat face, it is entirely removed on 12th edition, not really sure, perhaps the application of cast iron is long time being forgotten in oil and gas pump, since the nature of cast iron being brittle, it is cheaper than CS, SS but it is bringing risk.

Thank you for you to spend time reading my 5-cents thought.

about wet seal arrangement the magic API 682 53B

https://www.27augusta.web.id/2026/05/wet-seal-arrangement-3-seal-by-default.html

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